Factoring is technically not a loan. A Factor purchases a small business’ Accounts Receivable (in the case of AR factoring) or a specific Purchase Order (in the case of PO factoring) at a discount and gives the business owner an agreed upon percentage of the AR or PO in advance of collection.
Once the factor collects either the AR or the invoice for the Purchase Order, the remaining balance (minus the agreed-upon amount paid to the factor) is paid to the small business owner.
Factors often specialize in specific industries.